中国の養生学 十二月の養生 ～養生に最適の季節！～
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中国の養生学
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十二月は静と動、 適度なバランスで！
十二月は、一年の締めくくりで、二十四節気でいうと「大雪」と「冬至」の二つの節気を含みます。
気候の特徴：「大雪」と「小雪」は相対的ですが、実は「小雪」が最も寒い節気です。「大雪」の節気に雪が降ると、俗に「瑞雪は豊年の兆し」と言われます。
「冬至」は非常に重要な節気で、この日は昼が最も短く夜が最も長い日です。中国の陰陽学的観点からすると、冬至の到来は陰気が極めて盛んになったのち衰えて、陽気が再び回復し始める時です。冬至以後、気温は明らかに下降し、空は寒く地面は凍ります。
中医学的に言うと、十二月の訪れは養生に好適な季節です。養生というと、多くの人が栄養価の高い貴重なものを食べるものと考えがちですが、実際は、養生が重んじるのは「人、時、場所に応じて」養生すべきで、そうすることで初めて養生の真の目的が果たされるのです。具体的には、精神の養生を通じ、飲食を調え、体を鍛え、暑さ寒さを調節し、性生活を謹むなど総合的に養生することが、強く健康な体になる目的を果たすのです。したがって、まずは適度に動・静のバランスを保って養生することが必要です。つまり養生の調節は過ぎても、及ばなくてもよくないのです。
適度に体を鍛えるときは、鍛錬の前に十分な準備運動を行い、けがを防止します。精神的にはポジティブに、楽観的に考えるようにし、自己の体調をしっかりと理解して食事や薬を選んで補いましょう。虚弱体質、消化の悪い人は、ゆっくりと補うようにしましょう。適度に「当帰と羊肉のスープ」などを摂り、たくさん野菜を摂取します。決して摂りすぎ、急ぎすぎはいけません。体調の良い人は普通に補いましょう。しかし、脂っこい食品を摂りすぎないようにし、熱がこもらないように、病気を誘発しないようにします。「鶏肉ときのこの煮込み」「銀杏と鶏肉の煮込み」などを食べるとよいです。常に飲食はタンパク質、ビタミン、繊維質を高く含むものを食べるようにし、脂肪は少なく、糖分を高く含まないものを摂ります。ホワイトカラーの人は食養生と同時に薬も補い、例えば「六味地黄丸」など腎を補い、脳の疲労を防ぐものなどを選びましょう。女性で月経不順、生理痛の方は「烏鶏白鳳丸」など痛み止めの作用のある漢方薬を飲みます。
飲食の注意：羊肉、牛肉、セロリ、大根、ジャガイモ、白菜、ホウレンソウ、リンゴ、竜眼などを多くとります。体を冷やす海鮮、冷たい飲み物は避けましょう。
おすすめのレシピ：当帰とショウガの羊肉スープ
材 料：当帰（12g）ショウガ（30g）羊肉（250g）
作り方：羊肉はきれいに洗って切り、当帰とショウガも一緒に鍋に入れて水を適量加えスープを煮込む。十分火が通ったら調味料を加え肉と一緒に食べる。週に１，２回。
効 能：当帰は血をきれいにして補い、ショウガは体を温め寒さを取り除く。羊肉は血を補い腎をよくする。合わせて食べることで血を補い、腎をよくし、肌を調える。
十二月适度进补动静结合
12月是一年的结束，从二十四节气来说，包含有“大雪”和“冬至”两个节气。
天气特点： “大雪”相对“小雪”而言，是个比“小雪”更加严寒的节气。民间认为，如果“大雪”节气当天下雪，则预示着“瑞雪兆丰年”。“冬至”是个非常重要的节气，这一天白昼最短，夜晚最长。中医阴阳学观点认为，“冬至”到来是阴气盛极而衰，阳气开始回升的节气，“冬至”以后气温下降明显，天寒地冻。
中医认为，12月已到了进补的大好时节。说到进补，很多人都理解为要吃营养价值高的贵重补品。其实进补是有讲究的，要“因人、因时、因地”进补，才能真正达到养生的目的。具体地说，就是要通过养精神、调饮食、练形 体、适温寒、慎房事等综合调养方法，以达到强身健体的目的。
首先要养宜适度、动静结合。就是说养生调整不可太过，也不可不及。如适当体育锻炼，在锻炼前要做好准备活动，防意外受伤。精神上要积极向上，保持乐观，认真研究自己的身体状况选择食补、药补。如体质弱、消化功能差的人，要选择“慢补”，适当多吃“当归羊肉汤”等，还要多吃蔬菜，切忌过补、急补。体质好的人则要“平补”，不要过食油腻之品，以防产生内热而诱发疾病。可用“小鸡炖蘑菇”、“白果炖乌鸡”等。平时饮食上还要多吃蛋白质、维生素、纤维素含量高的食物，少吃脂肪、糖含量高的食品。至于脑力劳动者，在食补的同时可选择药补，如六味地黄丸可补肾健脑防疲劳。妇女月经不调、痛 的，可用乌鸡白凤丸等有调经止痛作用的中成药。
饮食宜忌：可多吃羊肉、牛肉、芹菜、白萝卜、土豆、大白菜、菠菜、苹果、桂圆等。忌生冷如海鲜等大寒之品及冷饮。
推荐食疗：当归生姜羊肉汤
用料：当归12克，生姜30克，羊肉250克。
制法：将羊肉洗净切块，同当归、生姜一同放入沙锅内加水适量共熬汤，烂熟后加调味品，饮汤食肉，每周1~2次。
功用：当归活血养血，生姜温中散寒，羊肉养血益肾，合用可补血益肾养颜。
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