中国の養生学　一月の養生―腎臓を大切に！

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新年おめでとうございます。
今年もあっというまに学楽の新年が始まりました。本年もどうぞよろしくお願いします。
年初は暖かったですが、このところ急激に寒くなってきましたね。
そろそろ体調を崩していませんか？

今回は1月の養生と題して、この時期の体のいたわり方をお話しします。

一月は腎臓を保養して防寒する

気候の特徴：一月は小寒(今年は1月6日～）と大寒（1月21日～）の二つの節気があり、一年で最も寒い季節です。大寒、小寒が表す寒さの度合いは、字面からすると小寒より大寒が寒いような感じですが、気象データによると小寒の方が大寒より寒い時期なのです。中国医学では、冬の時期の主な気である寒さは悪い陰の気を起こして、人体の陽の気を傷つけ、体内の循環を滞らせると考えられています。

養生の原則：秋と冬は陰を養う　≪黄帝内経≫
※黄帝内経（Huángdìnèijīng)･･･「気」や「陰陽」「五行説」といった東洋思想を元に書かれた、東洋医学の基礎となった中国最古の医学書。
養生のポイント：腎臓を保養し防寒しましょう。
身体の鍛錬と保温：散歩やジョギングなど体を暖かくすることに注意して呼吸器の病気を防ぎます。
栄養補給：民間療法では冬は三九の時期（冬至の日の19日後から27日後の間：冬至の日から9日間を一九、その次の9日間を二九と数えて、九九まで81日間ある）に養生すれば次の年に病気で苦しまないと言われています。春、夏、秋と過ごして一年近く体を消耗し、内臓は陰陽の気血（人体内の生気と血液）が衰えてきており、ちょうど良い時期に合理的に気血を補うことが出来れば、厳しい寒さに健康を侵されるのを防ぎ、次の年も病気になりにくく、少ない労力で大きな養生の目的を果たすことができるのです。
飲食時の注意：羊肉、鶏肉、すっぽん、クルミ、ナツメ、リュウガン、ヤマイモ、ハスの実、ユリ根、栗などをたくさん食べましょう。これらの食べ物は全て脾臓と胃を補い、腎臓を温めて陽の気にし、また、脾臓を丈夫にして痰を取り除き、咳を止め、肺を補う効果があります。当然、燃焼体質になるので、元からのぼせやすいタイプの人は緩やかに補うように少なめに食べるよう注意しましょう。
アイスクリームや生ものなどの冷たい食べ物などは口にするのを一切避けましょう。

一月：养肾防寒

气候特点：一月包含小寒和大寒两个节气，是一年中最冷的季节。大寒、小寒表示寒冷的程度，从字面理解，大寒冷于小寒，但在气象记录中，小寒却比大寒冷。中医认为，寒为冬季的主气，寒为阴邪，易伤人体阳气，寒主收引凝滞。
养生原则：“秋冬养阴”《黄帝内经》
养生关键：“养肾防寒”。
注意锻炼、保暖：如散步、慢跑等，同时应注意保暖以防止呼吸道疾病的发生。
饮食宜“滋补”：民间有“三九补一冬，来年无病痛”的谚语。人们在经过春、夏、秋近一年的消耗，脏腑的阴阳气血会有所偏衰，合理进补既可及时补充气血津液，抵御严寒侵袭，又能使来年少生疾病，达到事半功倍的养生目的。
饮食宜忌：多吃羊肉、鸡肉、甲鱼、核桃仁、大枣、龙眼肉、山药、莲子、百合、栗子等。以上食物均有补脾胃、温肾阳、健脾化痰、止咳补肺的功效。当然体质偏热、偏实易上火的人士应注意缓补、少食为好。忌一切寒凉之物，如冰激凌、生冷食品。